{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:38:47Z","timestamp":1774528727623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a C-type collectin and plays an important role in innate immunity and homeostasis in the lung. This study studied SP-D role in the nontypeable &lt;i&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;\/i&gt; (NTHi)-induced otitis media (OM) mouse model. Wild-type C57BL\/6 (WT) and SP-D knockout (KO) mice were used in this study. Mice were injected in the middle ear (ME) with 5 \u03bcL of NTHi bacterial solution (3.5 \u00d7 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;\/sup&gt; CFU\/ear) or with the same volume of sterile saline (control). Mice were sacrificed at 3 time points, days 1, 3, and 7, after treatment. We found SP-D expression in the Eustachian tube (ET) and ME mucosa of WT mice but not in SP-D KO mice. After infection, SP-D KO mice showed more intense inflammatory changes evidenced by the increased mucosal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration in the ME and ET compared to WT mice (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05). Increased bacterial colony-forming units and cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2) levels in the ear washing fluid of infected SP-D KO mice were compared to infected WT mice. Molecular analysis revealed higher levels of NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 activation in infected SP-D KO compared to WT mice (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05). In vitro studies demonstrated that SP-D significantly induced NTHi bacterial aggregation and enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05)&lt;i&gt;.&lt;\/i&gt; Furthermore, human ME epithelial cells showed a dose-dependent increased expression of NLRP3 and SP-D proteins after LPS treatment. We conclude that SP-D plays a critical role in innate immunity and disease resolution through enhancing host defense and regulating inflammatory NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 activation in experimental OM mice. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000513605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T22:05:07Z","timestamp":1612821907000},"page":"197-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of Surfactant Protein D in Experimental Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Osama","family":"Abdel-Razek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Vanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S39637"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3657-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.10.045"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-7-68"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036226"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.10.015"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318194e783"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1651"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700248RR"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425915609973"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.026658"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100606"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1515499"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815587699"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.800771"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11869"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.2892"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000451026"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.600303.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5876(02)00203-3"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0585-2"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.1.8018334"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06254.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0952-7915(99)80006-5"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535542"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00273-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16889"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1992.33.2.159"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425919866006"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701714228"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22018"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2197-2"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2013.00052"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v91i1-S.9259"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109675"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425914526074"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(99)00602-x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425909103170"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425916668581"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425910393539"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/532071"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01998"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115861"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136699"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.3934"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022297"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.3.1532"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.033"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-10-85"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807268200"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151236098"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00186.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Innate Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/513605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/513605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:16:28Z","timestamp":1745424988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000513605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000513605","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-811X","1662-8128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-811X","type":"print"},{"value":"1662-8128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}