{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:27:11Z","timestamp":1792193231256,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: In the randomized \u201cToddler Turner\u201d study, girls who received growth hormone (GH) starting at ages 9 months to 4 years (early-treated [ET] group) had marked catch-up growth and were 1.6 \u00b1 0.6 SD taller than untreated (early-untreated [EUT]) control girls after 2 years. However, whether the early catch-up growth would result in greater near-adult height (NAH) was unknown. Therefore, this extension study examined the long-term effects of toddler-age GH treatment on height, pubertal development, and safety parameters. Methods: Toddler Turner study participants were invited to enroll in a 10-year observational extension study for annual assessments of growth, pubertal status, and safety during long-term GH treatment to NAH for both ET and EUT groups. Results: The ET group was taller than the EUT group at all time points from preschool to maturity and was significantly taller at the onset of puberty (p = 0.016), however, the difference was not significant at NAH. For the full cohort (ET + EUT combined, n = 50) mean (\u00b1 SD) NAH was 151.2 \u00b1 7.1 cm at age 15.0 \u00b1 1.3 years. NAH standard deviation score (SDS) was within the normal range (&gt;\u22122.0) for 76% of ET and 60% of EUT subjects (68% overall) and correlated strongly with height SDS at GH start (r = 0.78; p &lt; 0.01), which in turn had a modest inverse correlation with age at GH start (i.e., height SDS declined with increasing age in untreated girls [r = \u22120.30; p = 0.016]). No new safety concerns arose. Conclusion: Although the ET group was taller throughout, height SDS at NAH was not significantly different between groups due to catch-down growth of ET girls during lapses in GH treatment after the Toddler study and similar long-term GH exposure overall. Early initiation of GH by age 6 years, followed by uninterrupted treatment during childhood, can prevent ongoing growth failure and enable attainment of height within the normal range during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000513788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T21:01:46Z","timestamp":1623358906000},"page":"18-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevention of Growth Failure in Turner Syndrome: Long-Term Results of Early Growth Hormone Treatment in the \u201cToddler Turner\u201d Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Charmian A.","family":"Quigley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia 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