{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:52:15Z","timestamp":1787017935309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease involving the follicular unit. Growing evidence suggests a crucial role of hyperkeratosis, infundibular plugging and perifolliculitis in its pathogenesis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To characterize the microscopic morphology of open comedos using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and define alterations occurring in HS normal-appearing perilesional skin compared to healthy skin of a control group, discussing therefore microscopic differences. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Twenty patients (11 males, 9 females; aged 19\u201351 years) affected by HS were recruited. RCM was performed on open comedos of axillary\/inguinal regions and on normal-appearing skin areas distant at least 1.5 cm from HS lesions. Ten healthy individuals (6 males, 4 females) were included as control group. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; RCM aspects of 78 open comedos were explored, observing circular\/ovoidal structures disclosing a hyperrefractive amorphous material (72\/78, 92.3%) within the infundibular cavity surrounded with a bright (51\/78, 65.4%) and regular (52\/78, 66.2%) border. Follicular ostia of HS perilesional skin (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 541) compared to follicular ostia of a control group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 321) were characterized by a larger infundibular diameter (183.4 vs. 85.8 \u00b5m) and diverged in terms of material collected inside infundibula (44.5 vs. 21%) and keratinization of the border (47.6 vs. 25.5%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In vivo characterization of open comedos and the recognition of microscopic subclinical alterations of HS normal-appearing skin, compared to healthy skin, could add further insights into the definition of biological events leading to HS manifestations, including the dysregulated process of keratinization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000513918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T17:04:40Z","timestamp":1613408680000},"page":"705-711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real-Time Confocal Imaging for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Description of Morphological Aspects and Focus on the Role of Follicular Ostia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Cappilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Giovanardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8283-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di\u00a0Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Perino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Chiricozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketty","family":"Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12966"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.052"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15233"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00892"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.085"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13055"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1188"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14516"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12730"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13910"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16231"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00253"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10224.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1014163"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15164"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2018.1449647"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy414"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12098"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-019-0722-8"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.036"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507348"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10643.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19343"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/513918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/513918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1745410786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000513918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000513918","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.14034947","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}