{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:07:09Z","timestamp":1784650029227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> Data regarding <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> (Hp) infection frequency in concurrent celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (CD + T1DM) are anecdotal. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Hp and concomitant CD + T1DM in children. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> In this 2-center, case-control study, children who underwent esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) were studied. CD diagnosis was established by favorable histology and serology. Hp infection was confirmed by both histology and the rapid urease test. Patients were divided into 3 groups as CD only (CDo), CD + T1DM, and non-CD children who underwent endoscopy as controls. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Among the 1,431 EGDs performed, 783 cases were eligible. Overall, 215 cases had CDo (mean age: 9.12 \u00b1 4.18 years, 58.1% girls), 63 cases had CD + T1DM (mean age: 9.29 \u00b1 4.46 years, 50.8% girls), and 505 cases were controls (mean age: 9.69 \u00b1 4.52 years, 56.6% girls). Hp infection rate was significantly lower in CD + T1DM group (controls: 49.7% vs. CDo: 32.1% vs. CD + T1DM: 20.6%, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01). After adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, the Hp infection rate was still significantly low (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35\u20131.83, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01). A difference in Hp infection rate between controls and CDo group (aOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09\u20132.12, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.05), and between CDo and CD + T1DM (aOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.65\u20131.54, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.05) group was significant. The severity of duodenal lesions and the presence of Hp infection were not correlated in all celiac children (r: 0.113, <i>p<\/i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The frequency of Hp infection was significantly lower in CD + T1DM children, compared to the CDo group and the controls. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000514276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T22:19:34Z","timestamp":1610403574000},"page":"444-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<b><i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i><\/b> Infection in Children with Concurrent Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nevzat Aykut","family":"Bayrak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burcu","family":"Volkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17458\/per.vol17.2020.tol.epidemiologychildtype1diabetes"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2883"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dcs15-2007"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.033"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-194"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1113-2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.7.597"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802101846"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/s1130-01082009001200004"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.800"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2014-009"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12691"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt234"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032015000200012"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13654"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199902000-00009"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03421.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(00)00267-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1447.001"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2000.13.5.553"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/47.2.123"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EPX.0000437621.23560.de"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2011.602443"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i40.11411"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/250620"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i17.5407"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3705264"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12326"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.04.569"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01245.x"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12305"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-23"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00621.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.03.005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2018.18181"}],"container-title":["Digestive 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