{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:26:32Z","timestamp":1791588392341,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lifestyle Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; An alarming increase in vitamin D deficiency even in sunny regions highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic background of the vitamin D endocrine system and the molecular mechanisms of gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, the serum levels of 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; were correlated with common VDR polymorphisms (&lt;i&gt;ApaI, BsmI, FokI&lt;\/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TaqI&lt;\/i&gt;) in 98 subjects of a Greek homogeneous rural population. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; concentration was measured by ultra-HPLC, and the VDR gene polymorphisms were identified by quantitative real-time PCR followed by amplicon high-resolution melting analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Subjects carrying either the B &lt;i&gt;BsmI&lt;\/i&gt; (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27\u20130.99) or t &lt;i&gt;TaqI&lt;\/i&gt; (OR: 2.06, 95%: 1.06\u20133.99) allele presented twice the risk for developing vitamin D deficiency compared to the reference allele. Moreover, subjects carrying 1, 2, or all 3 of these genotypes (BB\/Bb, Tt\/tt, and FF) demonstrated 2-fold (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 0.42\u20139.92), 3.6-fold (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07\u201312.2), and 7-fold (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.68\u201328.5) increased risk for low 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; levels, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Our findings reveal a cumulative effect of specific VDR gene polymorphisms that may regulate vitamin D concentrations explaining, in part, the paradox of vitamin D deficiency in sunny regions, with important implications for precision medicine. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000514338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1623963632000},"page":"81-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino 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