{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:04:49Z","timestamp":1790946289106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fetal Diagn Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is a form of chronic imbalanced feto-fetal transfusion through minuscule placental anastomoses leading to anemia in the TAPS donor and polycythemia in the TAPS recipient and has been reported only in monochorionic twins. We report a very unusual case of TAPS which developed in a dichorionic twin pair, born at a gestational age of 33&lt;sup&gt;+2&lt;\/sup&gt;. Twin 1 (recipient) was polycythemic and had a hemoglobin value of 22.4 g\/dL, whereas twin 2 (donor) was anemic with a hemoglobin value of 9.8 g\/dL and an increased reticulocyte count (72\u2030). Color dye injection of the placenta revealed the presence of a deep-hidden small veno-venous anastomosis. Dichorionicity was confirmed on histologic examination. Aside from respiratory distress syndrome, the donor twin had an uncomplicated neonatal course. The recipient twin developed a post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation requiring treatment with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and Rickham reservoir. This report shows that in dichorionic twins, placental anastomoses can be present, which can lead to the development of TAPS with severe consequences. Therefore, when a pale and plethoric dichorionic twin pair is born, a complete diagnostic work-up is required, including a full blood count with reticulocytes and placental injection, to investigate the presence and nature of potential underlying feto-fetal transfusion. Once the diagnosis of TAPS has been established, cerebral ultrasound, hearing screening, and long-term follow-up are strongly recommended as these twins have increased risk for severe cerebral injury, hearing loss, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000514408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T22:01:09Z","timestamp":1616796069000},"page":"321-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence in a Dichorionic Twin Pregnancy Leading to Severe Cerebral Injury in the Recipient"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Lisanne S.A.","family":"Tollenaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Beuger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Femke","family":"Slaghekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"Oepkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lopriore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0095-5108(18)30638-9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.12.900"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.01.010"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231614"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4004(89)90006-4"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20195"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513811003615013"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PGP.0000070848.25718.3A"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2019.02.005"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2453"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12114"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90664-9"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500859"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.041"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.07.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.069"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12337"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20846"}],"container-title":["Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/514408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/514408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:24:08Z","timestamp":1745425448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000514408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000514408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-3837","1421-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-3837","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}