{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:11:20Z","timestamp":1792645880287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ORL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective action of brimonidine against facial nerve crush injury in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Sixty Wistar adult rats were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: 40 rats underwent unilateral facial nerve crush injury and were administered with either saline (intraperitoneal, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 20) or brimonidine 1 mg\/kg\/day (intraperitoneal, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 20) for 5 consecutive days. Functional and electromyographic recovery was recorded postoperatively. The facial nucleus of 5 mice in each group was analyzed for mRNA expression levels of GFAP, PAF, NT-4, P75&lt;sup&gt;NTR&lt;\/sup&gt;, NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and \u03b1&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-ARs by qRT-PCR. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Brimonidine promoted the recovery of vibrissae movement, eyelid closure, and electrophysiological function in a rat model of nerve crush injury. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and electron microscopy showed significant recovery of Schwann cells and axons in the brimonidine group. Brimonidine attenuated the crush-induced upregulation in GFAP and PAF mRNA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05), as well as enhanced the mRNA levels of NT-4 and P75&lt;sup&gt;NTR&lt;\/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05), while decreased the expression of NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Brimonidine could promote the recovery of facial nerve crush injury in rats via suppressing of GFAP\/PAF activation and neuroinflammation and increasing neurotrophic factors. Brimonidine may be apromising candidate agent for the treatment of facial nerve injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000514994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1620406894000},"page":"449-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neuroprotective Effect of Brimonidine against Facial Nerve Crush Injury in Rats via Suppressing GFAP\/PAF Activation and Neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongdong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.07.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s002221510015827x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-4886(03)00298-x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.10.004"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.36"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.08.035"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702888"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-13-26"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c2a5ea"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20860"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000249726.98801.77"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2078"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.02.059"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1671-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.03.022"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(96)00047-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4835"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20000"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1022019106417"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1015415226799"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6801"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.17-14-05281.1997"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.797"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9906-1"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12138"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-4597(09)60002-3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.04.011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2017.21.5.495"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2011.04.011"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00009-16"}],"container-title":["ORL"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/514994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/514994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:29:35Z","timestamp":1745411375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000514994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000514994","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-1569","1423-0275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-1569","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}