{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:34:26Z","timestamp":1769128466649,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Preoperative frailty is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications across surgical specialties. Functional mobility such as gait, timed up and go (TUG), and 5 times sit-to-stand (5-STS) are popular preoperative frailty measurements but are not suitable for patients with severe mobility impairment. A wrist-worn sensor-derived frailty index based on an upper-extremity functional test (20-s repetitive elbow flexion-extension task; UEFI) was developed previously; however, its association with functional mobility remained unexplored. We aimed to investigate the predictive power of the UEFI in predicting functional mobility. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> We examined correlation between the UEFI and gait speed, TUG duration, and 5-STS duration in 100 older adults (\u2265 65 years) using multivariate regression analysis. The UEFI was calculated using slowness, weakness, exhaustion, and flexibility of the sensor-based 20-s repetitive elbow flexion-extension task. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The UEFI was a significant predictor for gait speed and TUG duration and 5-STS duration (all <i>R<\/i> \u2265 0.60; all <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) with the variance (adjusted <i>R<\/i><sup><i>2<\/i><\/sup>) of 35\u201337% for the dependent variables. The multivariate regression analysis revealed significant associations between the UEFI and gait speed (\u03b2 = \u22120.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [\u22121.19, \u22120.50]; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) and TUG duration (\u03b2 = 16.2; 95% CI = [9.59, 22.8]; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) and 5-STS duration (\u03b2 = 33.3; 95% CI = [23.6, 43.2]; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), found after accounting for confounding variables (e.g., age and fear of falling scale). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our findings suggest that the UEFI can be performed with a wrist-worn sensor and has been validated with other established measures of preoperative frailty. The UEFI can be applied in a wide variety of patients, regardless of mobility limitations, in an outpatient setting. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T21:00:39Z","timestamp":1617310839000},"page":"753-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Wrist-Worn Sensor-Derived Frailty Index Based on an Upper-Extremity Functional Test in Predicting Functional Mobility in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gu Eon","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aanand D.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi K.","family":"Ghanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd K.","family":"Rosengart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijan","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SLA.0000081085.98792.3d"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-7711-6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00319.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4573"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00745.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.03.012"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.07.087"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.08.115"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.01.052"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.336"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.04.037"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a4e96c"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.10.053"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495984"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2005.01.021"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002.800763"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13451"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.03.030"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00167"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000484241"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20161"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369095"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445889"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi196"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.09.002"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.3.551"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172766"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0388-2"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13871"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-164"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.10.039"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.06.011"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.21974"}],"container-title":["Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:30:19Z","timestamp":1745425819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000515078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000515078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-324X","1423-0003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-324X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}