{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T15:48:20Z","timestamp":1771688900348,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> colonization is associated with disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To investigate temporal variation in <i>S. aureus<\/i> protein A gene (<i>spa)<\/i>-types isolated from the nose and lesional skin and the correlation of <i>spa<\/i>-types with disease severity. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> This study included 96 adult AD patients who were assessed at baseline (T0) and after a strict 2-week follow-up period (T1) in which treatment was standardized with a topical corticosteroid. Fifty-five different <i>spa<\/i>-types were detected in the nose and skin cultures. Seventy-three patients were colonized with <i>S. aureus<\/i> in the nasal cavity at both time points (persistent carriership), 59 of whom (81%) had identical <i>spa<\/i>-types over time. For skin samples, 42 (75%) of the 56 persistent skin carriers had identical <i>spa<\/i>-types over time. The same <i>spa<\/i>-type was carried in the nose and skin in 79 and 77% of the patients at T0 and T1, respectively. More severe disease was not associated with specific <i>spa<\/i>-types or with temporal variation in <i>spa<\/i>-type. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> <i>S. aureus<\/i> strains in AD are highly heterogeneous between patients. The majority of patients carry the same <i>spa<\/i>-type in the nose and skin without temporal variation, suggesting clonal colonization within individual patients. No predominant <i>spa<\/i>-type or temporal variation is associated with increased disease severity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T21:00:42Z","timestamp":1617742842000},"page":"506-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Temporal Variation in <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i><\/b> Protein A Genotypes from Nose and Skin in Atopic Dermatitis 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