{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:52:16Z","timestamp":1787017936648,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> This study evaluated the performance of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF (Xpert) and ProbeTec ET (PTec-ET) assays in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Kuwait. <b><i>Materials and Methods:<\/i><\/b> We tested nonrespiratory clinical specimens (<i>n<\/i> = 3,995) collected from 3,995 patients suspected to have EPTB. These included cavitary fluids (<i>n<\/i> = 2,054), fine-needle aspirate (FNA)\/pus\/tissue biopsy (<i>n<\/i> = 1,461), urine (<i>n<\/i> = 302), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, <i>n<\/i> = 118), and others (<i>n<\/i> = 60). All specimens were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture in mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 system, and nucleic acid detection by Xpert and PTec-ET according to manufacturer\u2019s instructions. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Of 3,995 specimens, 95 were AFB-positive, 403 were culture-positive, and an additional 86 samples had histopathology suggestive of TB. Using culture as reference, the sensitivity and specificity values were 88.33 and 97.3% for Xpert and 72.95 and 97.80% for PTec-ET, respectively. Although performance of both tests was comparable in AFB-positive samples, Xpert detected significantly more cases in culture-positive samples. Among culture-negative samples, Xpert detected 18 more cases including 16 with histopathological evidence of TB. Lowest positivity was detected for both tests in cavitary fluids. Xpert performed better than PTec-ET in culture-positive FNA\/pus\/tissue biopsy and CSF samples. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Although performance of both tests was suboptimal for AFB-negative\/culture-positive samples, Xpert performed better than PTec-ET and also detected more cases of AFB-negative\/culture-negative\/histopathology-positive samples. PTec-ET was positive in 3, while Xpert was positive in all 6 culture-positive CSF specimens for rapid diagnosis of TB meningitis. Xpert was thus superior to PTec-ET or smear microscopy in rapid diagnosis of EPTB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1613529144000},"page":"277-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Performance Comparison of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF and ProbeTec ET Tests for Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Low TB\/MDR-TB Incidence Country"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Eiman","family":"Mokaddas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Eldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.09.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30079-6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30111-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-169"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2015.78.2.47"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1519393"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213846"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0028"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2016.1139457"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00007814"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0709-7"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012768.pub2"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907847"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.020"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153563"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03412-14"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45780-0"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00176311"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2012.061"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/17331331.1185240"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53086-5"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03847-2"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00537-19"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:32:17Z","timestamp":1745411537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000515254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000515254","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}