{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T02:03:16Z","timestamp":1781748196120,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Up to 25% of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the risk of autoimmune diseases other than SLE in CLE patients who have only skin manifestations (CLE-alone) has rarely been explored. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To investigate the long-term risk and independent factors of non-SLE autoimmune diseases among CLE-alone patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A nationwide cohort study using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database 1997\u20132013. CLE patients and matched subjects were included. Cumulative incidences of autoimmune diseases after 1 year of CLE-alone diagnosis were compared. Cox proportional hazard model was also performed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 971 CLE-alone patients and 5,175 reference subjects were identified. The 10-year cumulative incidence of autoimmune diseases other than SLE was significantly elevated in the CLE-alone cohort (9.00%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.72\u201311.29) than in the reference cohort (4.20%, 95% CI 3.53\u20134.87%) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.001). CLE-alone was independently associated with non-SLE autoimmune diseases (adjusted hazard ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.18). Among CLE-alone patients, females and those taking long-term systemic corticosteroids (a proxy for extensive disease) were associated with non-SLE autoimmune diseases after adjusting for the number of repeated autoimmune laboratory tests. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; CLE-alone is independently associated with future non-SLE autoimmune diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T21:17:09Z","timestamp":1622582229000},"page":"92-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-Term Risk of Autoimmune Diseases other than Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus-Alone Patients: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Teng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Kuei","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.0616"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18631"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021404"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2087"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.09.009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3528"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.11.065"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11975"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319846388"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.08.006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160214"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2987"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.08.019"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.118.6.412"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02973274"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2000.00443.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09472.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10610.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010090005011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690100046006"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690100092016"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew339"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210788"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.021"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-0031-x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10825.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.010"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20998"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00085.Baechler"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120572"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0028-6"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204573"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-213520"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv292"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515524","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/515524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:35:13Z","timestamp":1745426113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000515524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000515524","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.14709357","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}