{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:13:09Z","timestamp":1791605589051,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Visc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The prevalence of obesity has been increasing globally and represents the main risk factor for the development of gallstone disease (GD). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Excess body weight represents the main cause for the development of GD; nevertheless, there have been described multiple risk factors for its development, among them modifiable risk factors as diet, lifestyle, physical inactivity, and non-modifiable risk factors as ethnicity, female sex, advanced age, parity, and genetic mutations. Body mass index, abdominal perimeter, and waist-hip index have been used to determine the degree of adiposity of a person. Hence, central abdominal fat has been mostly associated with insulin resistance with the consequent increase in the hepatic cholesterol secretion; contributing as one of the multiple mechanisms associated with the development of gallstones. This disease has a low mortality; however, it has been associated with multiple diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, carotid atherosclerosis, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and gallbladder cancer, probably because they share many of the risk factors. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Messages:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; GD continues to be considered a disease with a high medical burden, in which it is sought to intervene in modifiable risk factors to reduce its development. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T21:04:34Z","timestamp":1619211874000},"page":"394-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Obesity and 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