{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:31:34Z","timestamp":1784867494180,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background and objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The clinical relevance and interrelation of sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is not fully understood. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Seventy-one patients with PH (age 63 \u00b1 15 years, 41% male) and 35 matched controls were enrolled. Patients with PH underwent clinical examination with assessment of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy, lung function, hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR; by rebreathing technique), amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and cardiac MRI (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 34). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was 68% in patients with PH (34% mild, apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] \u22655 to &amp;#x3c;15\/h; 34% moderate to severe, AHI \u226515\/h) versus 5% in controls (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.01). Only 1 patient with PH showed predominant central sleep apnea (CSA). Nocturnal hypoxemia (mean oxygen saturation [SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;] &amp;#x3c;90%) was present in 48% of patients with PH, independent of the presence of OSA. There were no significant differences in mean nocturnal SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;, self-reported sleep quality, 6MWD, HCVR, and lung and cardiac function between patients with moderate to severe OSA and those with mild or no OSA (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3e; 0.05). Right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt; = \u22120.39; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.03) and end-systolic (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt; = \u22120.36; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.04) volumes were inversely correlated with mean nocturnal SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; but not with measures of OSA severity or daytime clinical variables. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; OSA, but not CSA, is highly prevalent in patients with PH, and OSA severity is not associated with nighttime SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;, clinical and functional status. Nocturnal hypoxemia is a frequent finding and (in contrast to OSA) relates to structural RV remodeling in PH. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000515602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T01:33:07Z","timestamp":1619659987000},"page":"865-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension: Prevalence, Pathophysiological Determinants, and Clinical Consequences"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8205-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Spiesshoefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Herkenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Harre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Kahles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Florian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Randerath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Emdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Passino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binaya","family":"Regmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Boentert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Giannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-3035"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.11.013"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3528"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0411-y"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3124"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00158014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009690"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl477"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.029"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.032"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20190392"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012419"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452957"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.077511"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-016-0961-5"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00253.2009"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0636"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277190"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01868-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1378"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3.894"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341182"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.03.010"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200203-166OC"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2450"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01032-2015"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00523-4"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153510"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.272740"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.09.007"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.03.033"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publish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