{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:31:54Z","timestamp":1781026314167,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Endoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) are lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of endocytoscopy (ECS) in the duodenum. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 77 ECS images stained by methylene blue and 58 images with double staining of methylene blue and crystal violet were obtained from 20 patients. Images were classified into 3 grades based on nuclear and villi atypia: EC A, B, and C. Diagnostic performance of ECS classification to predict histology and interobserver agreement was evaluated. The performance was compared between staining methods and \u00d7520 or \u00d7936 zoom. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; With methylene blue staining, high rates of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) over 90% were achieved for tumor and nontumor diagnosis as assessed by EC A versus EC B. High rates of accuracy, sensitivity, PPV, and negative predictive value over 90% were achieved for the differentiation between the diagnosis of the Vienna category 3 and 4\/5 as assessed by EC B versus C. The accuracy rate of interpreting ECS images with \u00d7936 zoom among 10 endoscopists was 82%, and the interobserver agreement rate was 0.803 (Kendall\u2019s coefficient of concordance). In the \u00d7936 zoom group, methylene blue staining was significantly associated with higher accuracy rate (odds ratio 1.76 [1.06\u20132.92], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; value 0.0297). No benefit was observed by double staining. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; ECS diagnosis with methylene blue provides a high accuracy rate and good interobserver agreement to predict histology of SNADETs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000516512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T21:00:53Z","timestamp":1623099653000},"page":"895-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Endocytoscopy Is Useful for the Diagnosis of Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Kakushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1457-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Furune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsunaki","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eizaburo","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5444-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanao","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takio","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3720-781X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4074-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.10.004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20404"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.04.004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i41.11832"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-113567"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12282"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1557740"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.12.007"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i18.5560"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.05.002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2004.03.013"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.01.021"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814533"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377965"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1256663"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.276"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506930"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.251"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2019.0382"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-103681"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(89)90162-2"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90172-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12829"}],"container-title":["Digestion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/516512","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/516512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:56:27Z","timestamp":1745420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