{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:35:03Z","timestamp":1790552103367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epithelial cells play a crucial role in detection of the pathogens as well as in initiation of the host immune response&lt;i&gt;. Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; (pneumococcus) is a typical colonizer of the human nasopharynx, which can disseminate to the lower respiratory tract and subsequently cause severe invasive diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Hydrogen peroxide (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;) is produced by pneumococci as a product of the pyruvate oxidase SpxB. However, its role as a virulence determinant in pneumococcal infections of the lower respiratory tract is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of pneumococcal-derived H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; in initiating epithelial cell death by analyzing the interplay between 2 key cell death pathways, namely, apoptosis and pyroptosis. We demonstrate that H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; primes as well as activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and thereby mediates IL-1\u03b2 production and release. Furthermore, we show that pneumococcal H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; causes cell death via the activation of both apoptotic as well as pyroptotic pathways which are mediated by the activation of caspase-3\/7 and caspase-1, respectively. However, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-mediated IL-1\u03b2 release itself occurs mainly via apoptosis. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000517855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T21:00:41Z","timestamp":1628283641000},"page":"192-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Hydrogen Peroxide Is Crucial for NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1\u03b2 Production and Cell Death in Pneumococcal Infections of Bronchial Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Surabhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana 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