{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:32:00Z","timestamp":1747193520081,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Data regarding the additional effect on the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after oral L-carnitine administration are scarce. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> This study aimed to assess the additional effects of L-carnitine in patients who were receiving rifaximin for HE. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This randomized study comprised a screening visit and a 12-week treatment period. Patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomized to either group A (additional rifaximin) or group B (additional L-carnitine and rifaximin). Group A received 1,200 mg\/day of rifaximin. Group B received 1,500 mg\/day of L-carnitine and rifaximin at 1,200 mg\/day. The endpoints were the changes in the portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE) index and the admission rate from the baseline for the duration of the study in both groups. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Eighty-three patients were randomized to either group A (<i>n<\/i> = 42) or group B (<i>n<\/i> = 41). In group A, the PSE index decreased from 0.35 \u00b1 0.09 at baseline to 0.27 \u00b1 0.11 on the final evaluation day (<i>p<\/i> = 0.001). In group B, the PSE index decreased from 0.37 \u00b1 0.09 at baseline to 0.24 \u00b1 0.11 on the final evaluation day (<i>p<\/i> = 0.001). Although there was not a significant reduction in the PSE index in group A compared to that in group B (<i>p<\/i> = 0.202), the admission rates were 30.9% and 9.8% in groups A and B, respectively. Additional L-carnitine significantly reduced the admission rate (<i>p<\/i> = 0.028). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> L-Carnitine addition reduced the risk of hospitalization for patients who received rifaximin for HE. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000518067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T21:00:40Z","timestamp":1624914040000},"page":"313-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Additional L-Carnitine Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy on Rifaximin"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Kubota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Uojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1211-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naohisa","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitaka","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasaburo","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600561"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15419"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.039"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001311"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11401774"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13045"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001748"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31250"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14765"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S172324"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2015.08.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1207"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001368"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2020.1372"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01605-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.12.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref20","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071915"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref21","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000343"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01190-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.06.008"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:11:01Z","timestamp":1745421061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000518067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0257-2753","1421-9875"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0257-2753"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9875"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]}}}