{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:10:01Z","timestamp":1780445401116,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Purpose:<\/i><\/b> This study aimed to compare the risk for post-injection endophthalmitis between different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and syringe preparation techniques. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A retrospective study of anti-VEGF injections performed in 3 large ophthalmology departments between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. Injections were categorized according to the drug and the syringe-filling technique \u2013 prefilling by a hospital pharmacy, prefilling by a good manufacturing practice (GMP) pharmacy, self-drawing from the vial by the injecting physician, and use of a prefilled syringe. Cases of endophthalmitis were identified, and their rates were analyzed. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> A total of 197,402 injections were included, and 53 cases of endophthalmitis were identified (0.027% risk). The risk of endophthalmitis following injections with syringes that were prefilled by GMP pharmacies or the manufacturers was significantly lower than that following injections which were self-drawn by the physician (0.019% vs. 0.055%, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.0001). For ranibizumab, risk of endophthalmitis decreased since it became available in a prefilled syringe (0.054% vs. 0.014%, <i>p<\/i> = 0.066), bordering on statistical significance. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The syringe-filling technique is an important factor determining risk of post-injection endophthalmitis. Use of GMP-grade prefilling by professional pharmacies or the manufacturers significantly reduces this risk and should be the technique of choice for all drugs administered by intravitreal injection. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000518236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T21:00:37Z","timestamp":1627074037000},"page":"34-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Effect of Syringe-Filling Technique on the Risk for Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF Agents"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinah","family":"Zur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rubowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elad","family":"Moisseiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000143"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.19"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000146"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307707"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.022"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20180501-04"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597x-19970701-16"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0981"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000399"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.12.005"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.06.004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13417"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156431"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1276195"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002170"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3939"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2018.1430238"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496942"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002351"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.032"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2101.141040"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.88"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.009"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:12:52Z","timestamp":1745421172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000518236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518236","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3755","1423-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3755","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]}}}