{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:24:08Z","timestamp":1790360648677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reports of not feeling understood are frequent in testimonies of psychological trauma. I argue that these feelings are not a matter of a cognitive failure but rather an expression of the absence of a more pervasive background feeling of belonging. Contemporary accounts of we-intentionality promise but ultimately fall short in explaining this sense of belonging. Gerda Walther offers an alternative account of communal experiences. Her notion of \u201chabitual unification\u201d can explain the background feelings of belonging that are woven through the individual\u2019s everyday experience of being in a shared world. Having unified with another person, the world feels different. It is now experienced in light of a \u201cwe.\u201d This is not only the case in actual, singular person-to-person encounters. Unification with others becomes habitual: it retreats into the background of the individual\u2019s awareness, colouring their experience of the world. Thus sedimented, it forms a background sense of belonging to a shared world. Unification is enabled by experiencing others as being similar in a significant way, such as having the same experiences, values, or basic attitude: in Walther\u2019s words, as being a \u201chuman, who also\u2026.\u201d This, I shall argue, is impacted through traumatizing experiences. Trauma survivors struggle to experience others as \u201chumans, who also\u2026,\u201d resulting in a failure of unification and thus impeding feelings of belonging. Trauma testimonies also suggest that actively seeking out recognition of similarities and shared aspects of experience may once again enable experiencing others as \u201chumans, who also\u2026,\u201d thus enabling unification and re-establishing a sense of belonging. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000518327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1630703112000},"page":"190-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Background Feelings of Belonging and Psychological Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Wilde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-016-9444-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-013-9329-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0068.2007.00672.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-013-9317-z"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-017-1351-x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-016-9465-z"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97861-1_8"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josp.12218"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-019-09627-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315180786-12"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6934-2_12"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071773.2011.11006731"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97592-4_5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071773.2018.1434977"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-020-09725-8"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52112\/mtl.v1i1.9"}],"container-title":["Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/518327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:14:22Z","timestamp":1745421262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000518327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-4962","1423-033X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-4962","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-033X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]}}}