{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1790508264770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of degenerative joint diseases that is regulated by a combination of complex intercellular signals and modulators, including non-coding RNAs. Mounting evidence suggests that miR-31-5p is physiologically involved in the regulation of chondrocytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Expression levels of miR-31-5p and SOX4 in OA cartilage tissues and in IL-1\u03b2-stimulated chondrocytes were examined by quantification polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) or immunohistochemistry assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Expression of LC3 was detected using immunofluorescence staining. Expressions of autophagy-related proteins and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)\/mechanical target of rapamycin kinase (mTORC1) signal-related proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Molecular interaction was validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Downregulation of miR-31-5p and upregulation of SOX4 were observed in both OA patients and OA chondrocytes. Mechanistic experiments revealed that miR-31-5p negatively modulated SOX4 expression by directly targeting its 3\u2032- untranslated region. Moreover, overexpression of miR-31-5p suppressed the activation of mTORC1 in an ERK-dependent manner by inhibiting SOX4. Further functional experiments demonstrated that overexpressing miR-31-5p in OA chondrocytes markedly promoted its proliferation and autophagy while inhibiting apoptosis. However, these effects were abolished by overexpression of SOX4 or treatment with 3BDO, an mTOR activator. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These results demonstrated that miR-31-5p enhanced survival and autophagy of OA chondrocytes through inactivation of mTORC1 via directly targeting SOX4, suggesting that miR-31-5p may play a protective role in OA progression. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T22:00:41Z","timestamp":1636495241000},"page":"63-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["miR-31-5p\/SOX4 Axis Affects Autophagy and Apoptosis of Chondrocytes by Regulating Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinase\/Mechanical Target of Rapamycin Kinase Signalling"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Ming","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(72)90179-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06006-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.03.023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603513495889"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32729-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31281-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008813"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453147"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1606647"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8783197"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.111757"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.40"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10753-5"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-7921.1000239"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0604-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.01.005"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01294-0"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125943"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201910_19124"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.006"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199802)41:2%3c284::AID-ART12%3e3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2618"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.09.006"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.06.009"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.071"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.9859"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S254634"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800259R"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902664"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0906-4"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12195"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-428938"}],"container-title":["Pathobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:21:23Z","timestamp":1745421683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000519006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-2008","1423-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-2008","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]}}}