{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:12:10Z","timestamp":1779909130137,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study aimed to explore the diversity and clinical features of acute symptomatic seizures due to autoimmune encephalitis related to anti-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 antibodies. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Clinical data of a series of 6 patients positive for anti-GAD65 antibodies were retrospectively analyzed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Five of the patients were male and 1 was a female, with a median age of 44.1 years (range 18\u201370 years). Seizure forms were varied in 6 patients when they were admitted to the hospital: 3 cases of seizures only and 3 accompanied by other symptoms, such as mental disorder, cognitive impairment, cerebellar ataxia, and ocular movement disorder. Three patients (50%) had coexisting systemic autoimmune diseases, including diabetes mellitus, vitiligo, and hyperthyroidism. Five patients (83%) had abnormal brain MRI findings. They were all treated by immunotherapy, 5 of 6 patients improved significantly but relapsed after withdrawing methylprednisolone, and 1 patient got deteriorated. None of them were diagnosed with tumors. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Clinical features of acute symptomatic seizures related to GAD65 antibodies are diverse, and early and continuous immunotherapy is necessary for patients. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:09Z","timestamp":1638309669000},"page":"171-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical Heterogeneity in Acute Symptomatic Seizures due to Autoimmune Encephalitis Related to GAD65 Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16571"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8619(18)30107-5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt212"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125178"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01142"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.161"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577189"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12283"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920-1211(00)00180-7"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519229","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:23:33Z","timestamp":1745421813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000519229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519229","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}}}