{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:19:53Z","timestamp":1789687193651,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Phoniatr Logop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and swallowing difficulties may occur as the disease progresses. Dysphagia has many consequences, such as aspiration and pneumonia. In particular, in the advanced stage, approximately 70% of the causes of death in AD involve aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, it is vital to assess the presence or absence of dysphagia in AD. Objective: This study aims to describe swallowing difficulty across the stages of AD. Methods: Thirty-five AD patients were evaluated. The Mini-Mental State Examination was conducted. A bedside water swallow test (BWST) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) were administered. Finally, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was used to evaluate residual, aspiration and penetration conditions. Results: EAT-10 scores, BWST results, and penetration-aspiration status were statistically significantly different according to AD stage (p &lt; 0.05). Among all patients, 74.3% had residue, 25.7% had penetration, and 2.9% had aspiration. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that swallowing dysfunction begins at a mild stage and progressively worsens toward the advanced stage in patients with AD. At all stages of AD, residue was observed, and this poses a risk for the development of penetration-aspiration. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the early dysphagia of individuals. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1630530032000},"page":"186-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of Swallowing Function according to the Stage of Alzheimer\u2019s 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