{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:16:43Z","timestamp":1790777803242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The objective of the study was to investigate efficacy and mechanisms of mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (mADSC-Exos) in the benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced mouse dry eye model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Exosomes in the mADSC culture supernatant were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize mADSC-Exos. An experimental mouse model of dry eye was established by instillation of 0.2% BAC. mADSC-Exos were administered following BAC treatment. The positive control group was treated with commercial eye drops (0.1% pranoprofen). Corneal fluorescein staining, tear secretion, and tear film break-up time (BUT) were evaluated, and histologic analysis of the cornea and conjunctiva was performed by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Apoptosis in the corneal epithelium was detected with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay and by Western blotting. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cornea and conjunctiva were evaluated by flow cytometry, and mRNA and protein levels of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway components were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; mADSC-Exos were characterized as vesicles with a bilayer membrane. The particle size distribution peak was at 134 nm. mADSC-Exos specifically expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)9, CD63, and CD81. mADSC-Exos treatment repaired ocular surface damage. Additionally, mADSC-Exos inhibited cell apoptosis, decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-1\u03b1, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and upregulation of caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 were reversed by mADSC-Exos. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; mADSC-Exos alleviate ocular surface inflammation, suggesting that it is a promising treatment for dry eye. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1631826032000},"page":"40-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Exosomes Derived from Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Mouse Dry Eye Model via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Guifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xileyuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000464"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.912010"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500610"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0023-5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04559-y"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00587-3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0428"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1319491"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000355"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103904"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15034142"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2575"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133497"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1372-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01509"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.02.013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126277"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.02.006"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.07.001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112792"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.08.054"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.026"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0484-5"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00587-3"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.10.001"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26928"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1587"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.05.001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.101093"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71337-8"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic 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