{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:57:48Z","timestamp":1780469868011,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> Little is known regarding the cognitive and behavioral status of patients with dementia and their caregivers in lower middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on persons with dementia and their caregivers in India. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This was an observational study. A cohort of 66 persons with dementia and their caregivers were evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2 specialist hospitals in South India. Caregivers were interviewed at 2 distinct time points of the pandemic: during the national lockdown and 5 months after during later periods of the \u201ccluster of cases\u201d transmission phase. Participants were assessed via telephone utilizing validated instruments (Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI], Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] Scale, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale [DASS-21]) and a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire documented sociodemographic information, clinical history, infection measures adopted, changes in caregiving routines, involvement in functional rehabilitation activities, and access to medical and long-term care support services. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The 2-phase follow-up study found a significant worsening of behavior in dementia patients, demonstrated by a difference in the NPI sub-domain scores for anxiety (mean difference [standard deviation, SD] = \u22120.552 [1.993], <i>t<\/i><sub>58<\/sub> = \u22122.109, <i>p<\/i> = 0.039) and eating disturbances (mean difference [SD] = \u22121.121 [2.493], <i>t<\/i><sub>59<\/sub> = \u22123.424, <i>p<\/i> = 0.001). A relatively high proportion of patients developed anxiety (cumulative incidence = 24.53%) and eating disturbances (cumulative incidence = 26.92%), without having these symptoms at baseline. There was a trend toward an increase in proportion of persons with severe dementia (19.7% vs. 39.4%) on follow-up. Caregiver distress reported was significantly associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (<i>r<\/i> = 0.712, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) and dementia severity (\u03c1 = 0.365, <i>p<\/i> = 0.004). In addition, difficulties in accessing medical care persisted between the 2 assessments, and there were statistically significant differences between functional rehabilitation activities such as indoor activities (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), outdoor activities (<i>p<\/i> = 0.013), and physical exercises (<i>p<\/i> = 0.003) between baseline and follow-up. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Findings suggest interruption of functional rehabilitation activities and disruption in medical care services are likely to have had an adverse impact on patients with dementia and contributed toward caregiver distress. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T22:00:32Z","timestamp":1645221632000},"page":"90-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cognition, Behavior, and Caregiver Stress in Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1442-9786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayeeta","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya Treesa","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feba","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saadiya","family":"Hurzuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9084-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakshith Maneshwar","family":"Hoskeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka Bavikatti","family":"Ramappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasundharaa S.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avanthi","family":"Paplikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailaja","family":"Mekala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejaswini S.","family":"Manae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa Boralingana Palya","family":"Ramanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurrapu","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patel Vishal","family":"Ganeshbhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah Rutul","family":"Dhiren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashidhar","family":"Komaravolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekhar","family":"Kammammettu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish N.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvarna","family":"Alladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161022000109X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1389-1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.04.010"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.06.026"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317520976720"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.589901"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511416"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00866"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000034"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_288_19"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610295001815"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.2.233"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S62323"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.01.005"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101047"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/384875"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1807-59322011000400015"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.578015"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317516673155"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000095625"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-5764-2016DN1003003"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-207"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.397"}],"container-title":["Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519616","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:27:00Z","timestamp":1745422020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000519616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519616","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.19195679","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1420-8008","1421-9824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-8008","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9824","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}