{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:15:29Z","timestamp":1780334129524,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Fine particulate matter (PM) (PM with an aerodynamic diameter &amp;#x3c;2.5 \u03bcm, PM2.5) exposure contributes to respiratory disease development and exacerbation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We sought to investigate the effect of PM2.5 exposure on mucociliary function in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and the underlying mechanism. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; HNECs derived from control subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were established as air-liquid interface cultures. Confluent cultures were exposed to 100 or 200 \u03bcg\/mL PM2.5 for 24 h and assessed for expression of specific mucociliary-associated factors, the percentage of \u03b2-tubulin IV-positive and MUC5AC-positive cells, expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT\/ERK. In addition, cultures pretreated for 30 min with AG1478 (an EGFR inhibitor) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) following PM2.5 exposure were assessed for MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; PM2.5 exposure at 100 or 200 \u03bcg\/mL for 24 h did not affect geminin coiled-coil domain containing, multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein, FOXJ1, or DNAI2 mRNA expression or the percentage of \u03b2-tubulin IV-positive cells. However, 200 \u03bcg\/mL PM2.5 exposure significantly increased mRNA expression of SAM-pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor and MUC5AC and the percentage of MUC5AC-positive cells. PM2.5 also increased expression of EGFR ligands, including heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and amphiregulin. Furthermore, PM2.5induced activation of PI3K, AKT, and ERK, and pretreatment of HNECs with AG1478 or LY294002 attenuated PM2.5-induced MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study demonstrates that short-term PM2.5 exposure increases MUC5AC expression in HNECs. Furthermore, this study shows that PM2.5-induced MUC5AC expression is likely mediated through the EGFR-PI3K pathway. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T22:00:31Z","timestamp":1636063231000},"page":"361-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["PM2.5 Upregulates the Expression of MUC5AC via the EGFR-PI3K Pathway in Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:27:41Z","timestamp":1745422061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000519702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519702","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-2438","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]}}}