{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T23:14:29Z","timestamp":1770678869673,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cavernous malformations in the pediatric population are exceedingly rare, especially in infants. Giant cavernous malformations (GCM) are even more rare and have a diameter &amp;#x3e;4 cm. The onset of symptoms predominantly occurs in adulthood, but the rate of hemorrhage is significantly higher in the pediatric population. Similar to non-GCM, GCM can be misidentified as tumors on imaging due to their tumefactive pattern with edema. Here, we present a rare case of a right frontotemporal GCM in a 2-month-old girl, the youngest recorded case in the existing literature. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Case Presentation:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A previously healthy 2-month-old girl presented to the emergency department following an increasing frequency of seizure-like activity that began 3 days prior to presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with and without contrast characterized a large (5.8 \u00d7 4.3 \u00d7 4.2 cm) heterogeneous lesion of the right temporal lobe with diffuse scattered blood products of various ages seen throughout the lesion. She underwent a right-sided craniotomy where a gross total excision was achieved. Pathology confirmed the diagnoses of a GCM. The patient\u2019s seizures subsequently resolved, and she continues to do well postoperatively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion\/Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; GCM can be mistaken for tumors due to their large size, cystic nature, and surrounding edema, but a vascular lesion should always remain in the differential diagnosis before operating, even in infants. Surgery is generally recommended in patients that present with a symptomatic hemorrhage, recurrent hemorrhages, persistent seizures despite medical management, or progressively worsening neurological deficits if the GCM is in a safe location. It has been shown that 70\u201399% of patients undergoing surgery with successful removal of the GCM can achieve seizure freedom 2 years postoperatively. Complete surgical excision of this infant\u2019s GCM was successful in treating her neurologic symptoms; therefore, pathological confirmation of this lesion is critical and should prompt a complete surgical excision. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000519856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:00:43Z","timestamp":1636408843000},"page":"56-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Giant Frontotemporal Cavernous Malformation in a 2-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Olivia E.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome M.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63640-9.00025-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0702"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017074"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63640-9.00023-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00014581"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808113190605"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1990.11739932"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850510012698"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.6.1297"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199306000-00026"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200306000-00010"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0643-7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000137277.08281.48"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1455-z"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.09.015"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0042-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690802108780"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.5.FOCUS10119"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0783-5"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.106660"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447407"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_468_2019"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013098"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.188"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v12.i2.10"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-017-3550-7"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.43.4.198"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1237-4"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810363917"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.11.003"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-01074-0"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci144893"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029676"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14634"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.1.FOCUS19866"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.11.005"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519856","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/519856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:29:17Z","timestamp":1745422157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000519856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519856","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1016-2291","1423-0305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1016-2291","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]}}}