{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:00:27Z","timestamp":1772164827765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> Emergence and prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> (MRSA) have become a major universal health concern, limiting therapeutic options. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A total number of 37 MRSA isolates, including 19 clinical isolates from hospitalized patients and 18 colonizing isolates from health care workers were identified from 3 hospitals, in Gorgan, North of Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test. The presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants were evaluated by PCR. The genotypical characterization was further analyzed using multi-locus sequence, <i>spa<\/i>, staphylococcal cassette chromosome, <i>mec<\/i> (SCC<i>mec)<\/i>, and <i>agr<\/i> typing. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The frequency of MRSA among <i>S. aureus<\/i> isolates was 38.14% (37\/97). The most frequent <i>S. aureus<\/i> resistant isolates were found to be obstinate against penicillin (98%) and gentamicin (82.5%). Additionally, the lowest resistance rates were found against daptomycin (0%), vancomycin (2.7%), and quinupristin-dalfopristin (5.4%). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50\/MIC90 of 0.25\/0.5 \u03bcg\/mL. One isolate belonging to sequence type 239 (ST239)-SCC<i>mec<\/i>III\/t037 clone (MIC \u226516 \u03bcg\/mL) was resistant to vancomycin. All but 1 isolate that shares ST22-SCC<i>mec<\/i> IV\/t790 strain were positive for both <i>tsst<\/i> and <i>pvl<\/i> genes. The most predominant MRSA isolates (27%) were associated with ST239-SCC<i>mec<\/i> III\/t037, and ST239-SCC<i>mec<\/i> III\/t924 (16.2%) clones, subsequently. In our study, circulating MRSA strains were genetically diverse with a high prevalence of ST239-SCC<i>mec<\/i> III\/t037 clone. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> These findings emphasize the need for future and continuous surveillance studies on MRSA to prevent the dissemination of existing multidrug resistance MRSA clones in an effective manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000520482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T17:00:45Z","timestamp":1638810045000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Characterization, Virulence Determinants, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Methicillin-Resistant <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i><\/b> in the North of Iran; a High Prevalence of ST239-SCC<b><i>mec<\/i><\/b> III\/t037 Clone"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trias","family":"Mahmudiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawfeeq","family":"Alghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid Kamal","family":"Abdelbasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parand","family":"Khadivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2015\/3.2.79.98"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01818"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00192"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1305246"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2017.08.004"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.37.11.2311"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1156-1163.2006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208183"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185181"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01720.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp386"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030394"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305-4179(00)00086-3"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.08.002"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70112-2"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2222-1808(14)60643-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00838"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4762-4765.2004"}],"container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/520482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/520482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T11:29:53Z","timestamp":1745407793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000520482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000520482","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.17129027","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-41456\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0009-3157","1421-9794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-3157","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]}}}