{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:30:55Z","timestamp":1759937455861,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Rep Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The longer term neurocognitive\/neuropsychiatric consequences of moderate\/severe COVID-19 infection have not been explored. The case herein illustrates a complex web of differential diagnosis. The onset, clinical trajectory, treatment course\/response, serial neuroimaging findings, and neuropsychological test data were taken into account when assessing a patient presenting 8 months post-COVID-19 (with premorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes mellitus, mood difficulties, and a positive family history of vascular dementia). Her acute COVID-19 infection was complicated by altered mental status associated with encephalopathy and bacterial pneumonia. After recovery from COVID-19, the patient continues to experience persisting cognitive and emotive difficulties despite an ongoing psychopharmacotherapy regimen (16 + years), psychotherapy (15 + sessions), and speech-language pathology SLP; 2 \u00d7 week\/for 12 weeks). The purpose of her most recent and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was to determine the presence\/absence of neurocognitive disorder. The patient is a 62-year-old Caucasian woman. Cognitive screening was completed 3 months post-acute COVID-19 as part of an SLP evaluation, and a full neuropsychological evaluation was conducted 8 months post-COVID-19 recovery on an outpatient basis (in person). The patient had serial neuroimaging. Initial neurological evaluation during acute COVID-19 included unremarkable brain computed tomography (CT)\/magnetic resonance imaging. However, follow-up CT (without contrast) revealed, in part, \u201casymmetric perisylvian atrophy on the left.\u201d Full neuropsychological evaluation at 8 months post-COVID-19 recovery revealed a dysexecutive syndrome characterized by language dysfunction and affective theory-of-mind deficit, consistent with dementia. There is need for careful use of differential diagnosis in COVID-19 patients with multiple risk factors that make them more susceptible to long-term neurological complications post-COVID-19. Differential diagnosis should involve multidisciplinary assessment (e.g., neuropsychology, SLP, neurology, and psychiatry). <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000522020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T22:00:54Z","timestamp":1647381654000},"page":"130-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Combined Use of Neuropsychiatric and Neuropsychological Assessment Tools to Make a Differential Dementia Diagnosis in the Presence of \u201cLong-Haul\u201d COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sharee N.","family":"Light","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"container-title":["Case Reports in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/522020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/522020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:46:36Z","timestamp":1745423196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000522020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000522020","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-680X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1662-680X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}