{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:37:02Z","timestamp":1767339422865,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> The present work was carried out to determine the effectiveness of neuromuscular stimulation triggered by mirror therapy (MT) in older patients with post-stroke hemiplegia by two different intervention protocols, either intensively or spaced. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A preliminary trial conducted on Spanish rehabilitation centres was conducted. Forty older patients (&#x3e;70 years) with diagnosed post-stroke hemiplegia were randomly distributed to intensive intervention group (5 times\/week for 6 weeks) or to spaced intervention group (3 times\/week for 10 weeks), which underwent a similar number of MT sessions (<i>n<\/i> = 30). Muscle strength and activity were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment. Functional ability was also evaluated. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Although both interventions improved muscle activity parameters, intensive MT showed a significantly and statistically higher intervention effect on electromyographic activity (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) and muscle strength (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) than the spaced over time protocol. Attending to the Barthel Index scores, the effect on functionality was also greater in the intensive therapy group (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), although the functional improvement measured by the Fugl-Meyer test was similar (<i>p<\/i> = 0.235). The effect of the interventions was independent of age and clinical antecedents. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Intensive MT appears to be more effective than a more spaced over time therapy; therefore, at least in the older adults, this treatment protocol should be recommended in the post-stroke recovery of these patients. Further studies will confirm with certainty whether this treatment is the most suitable guideline for to treat these patients. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000522413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T21:01:05Z","timestamp":1649106065000},"page":"291-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Intensively Applied Mirror Therapy in Older Patients with Post-Stroke Hemiplegia: A Preliminary Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"G\u00e1mez Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3307-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Manuel","family":"Mart\u00ednez C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Morante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.06.010"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8176217"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.619122"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140317"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.02.003"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68225-6"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018415"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.914095"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00483"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00226"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-10-46"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8369262"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.4.629"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.629592"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.03.2.p051"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49720-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkpj.2015.12.001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214651"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000432"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.173622"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311427917"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2011.35.6.747"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1048"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.917"}],"container-title":["European Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/522413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/522413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:50:39Z","timestamp":1745423439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000522413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000522413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.19507561","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0014-3022","1421-9913"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-3022"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9913"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}