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The expression of cell proliferation and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in uterine leiomyoma cells was evaluated by western blot. Cell viability analysis was performed by CCK-8 assay. Lentivirus infection was used for IGF-1 overexpression and knockdown in uterine leiomyoma cells. The IGF-1 expression level was elevated in human uterine leiomyomas compared to myometrium. IGF-1 promoted the cell viability of human uterine leiomyoma cells. Overexpression of IGF-1 induced the expression of pro-proliferation markers including c-Myc, PCNA, and cyclin D1 in uterine leiomyoma cells. IGF-1 elevated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, thus modifying PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling in uterine leiomyoma cells. 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