{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:26:12Z","timestamp":1789514772866,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Optimization of pre-analytic procedures and tissue processing is a basic requirement for reliable and reproducible data to be obtained. Tissue fixation in formalin represents the extensively favored method for surgical tissue specimen processing in diagnostic pathology; however, formalin fixation exerts a blasting effect on DNA and RNA. Methods: A formic acid-deprived formaldehyde solution was prepared by removing acids with an ion-exchange basic resin and the concentrated, acid-deprived formaldehyde (ADF) solution was employed to prepare a 4% ADF solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2\u20137.4. Human (n = 27) and mouse (n = 20) tissues were fixed in parallel and similar conditions in either ADF or neutral buffered formalin (NBF). DNAs and RNAs were extracted, and fragmentation analyses were performed. Results: Besides no significant differences in terms of extraction yield and absorbance ratio, ADF fixation reduced DNA fragmentation, i.e., the largest fragments (&gt;5,000 bp) were significantly more prevalent in the DNAs purified from ADF-fixed tissues (p &lt; 0.001 in both cohorts). Moreover, we observed that DNA preservation is more stable in ADF-fixed tissue compared to NBF-fixed tissues. Conclusion: Although DNA fragmentation in FFPE tissues is a multifactor process, we showed that the removal of formic acid is responsible for a significant improvement in DNA preservation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000525523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1658350835000},"page":"155-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tissue Fixation with a Formic Acid-Deprived Formalin Better Preserves DNA Integrity over Time"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Berrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Annaratone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Detillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Grassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9638-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Bragoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-9571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sapino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Bussolati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bussolati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2024-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Marchi\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2008.951863"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2015.37"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098187"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.193409"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-012-0507-4"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atg.2016.06.001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2012.07.002"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.145"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2213-0"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00173"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15875"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2008.11.040"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2017.11.011"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.4.1319"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)64472-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.11.002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/33.8.3894502"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-15-1208"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133376"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2015.05.004"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13029"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.016477"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/132.12.1929"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211400"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.7"}],"container-title":["Pathobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pat\/article-pdf\/90\/3\/155\/3986187\/000525523.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pat\/article-pdf\/90\/3\/155\/3986187\/000525523.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:06:05Z","timestamp":1745420765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000525523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000525523","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.20341995","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1015-2008","1423-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-2008","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]}}}