{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:45:58Z","timestamp":1790804758467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The history of the thyroid dates from 2697 BCE when the \u201cYellow Emperor\u201d Hung Ti described the use of seaweed to treat goiter. The English name \u201cthyroid\u201d was coined by Thomas Wharton in 1656 from the Greek word for a shield. Bernard Courtois discovered iodine in 1811 when he noted a residual purplish ash while burning seaweed. Robert Graves is known for his classic 1835 report of \u201cpalpitations, goiter, and exophthalmos\u201d in three women, but Caleb Parry observed the same clinical features in 1786. The clinical syndrome we now recognize as hypothyroidism was characterized as \u201cmyxoedema\u201d in 1878 by William Ord at St. Thomas Hospital. In 1891, George Murray reported that injection of thyroid extract from sheep led to improvement in symptoms in a woman with myxedema. Thomas Kocher, who reported that patients with goiter who underwent complete thyroidectomy developed &lt;i&gt;cachexia strumipriva&lt;\/i&gt;, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1909. Edward Kendall discovered \u201cthyroxin\u201d on Christmas day in 1914. Studies by David Marine that iodine treatment prevented endemic goiter led to salt iodination, which has largely eradicated endemic cretinism. In 1973, Jean Dussault reported detection of congenital hypothyroidism by screening newborn populations. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000526621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T06:33:58Z","timestamp":1669790038000},"page":"546-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["History of the Thyroid"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Kara J.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"LaFranchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref4"},{"key":"ref5"},{"key":"ref6"},{"key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref8"},{"key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14"},{"key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17"},{"key":"ref18"},{"key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20"},{"key":"ref21"},{"key":"ref22"},{"key":"ref23"},{"key":"ref24"},{"key":"ref25"},{"key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27"},{"key":"ref28"},{"key":"ref29"},{"key":"ref30"},{"key":"ref31"},{"key":"ref32"},{"key":"ref33"},{"key":"ref34"},{"key":"ref35"},{"key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref37"},{"key":"ref38"},{"key":"ref39"},{"key":"ref40"},{"key":"ref41"},{"key":"ref42"},{"key":"ref43"},{"key":"ref44"},{"key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46"},{"key":"ref47"},{"key":"ref48"},{"key":"ref49"},{"key":"ref50"},{"key":"ref51"},{"key":"ref52"},{"key":"ref53"},{"key":"ref54"},{"key":"ref55"},{"key":"ref56"},{"key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58"},{"key":"ref59"},{"key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref61"},{"key":"ref62"},{"key":"ref63"},{"key":"ref64"},{"key":"ref65"},{"key":"ref66"},{"key":"ref67"},{"key":"ref68"},{"key":"ref69"},{"key":"ref70"},{"key":"ref71"},{"key":"ref72"},{"key":"ref73"},{"key":"ref74"},{"key":"ref75"},{"key":"ref76"},{"key":"ref77"},{"key":"ref78"},{"key":"ref79"},{"key":"ref80"},{"key":"ref81"},{"key":"ref82"},{"key":"ref83"},{"key":"ref84"},{"key":"ref85"},{"key":"ref86"},{"key":"ref87"},{"key":"ref88"},{"key":"ref89"},{"key":"ref90"},{"key":"ref91"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/526621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/526621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:17:41Z","timestamp":1745421461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000526621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000526621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}