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Summary: Initially, eosinophils were perceived as terminally differentiated cytotoxic effector cells. Clearly, eosinophils are capable of playing functions other than immune responses, which is not surprising given their intricate interactions with pathogens as well as other circulating leukocytes. Attempts to comprehend the eosinophil biology and functions have yielded remarkable insights into their roles in human health and sickness. The use of FDA-approved eosinophils-targeting biologics has provided exciting opportunities to directly explore the contributions of eosinophils in disease etiology in humans. Key Messages: In this review, we will focus on the eosinophils\u2019 lifecycle and discuss the current state of knowledge from mouse models and retrospective human studies demonstrating eosinophils\u2019 roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases such as asthma, cancer, and kidney disorders. Despite three recently approved anti-eosinophil agents, a number of key questions and challenges remain far from settled, thereby generating opportunity to further explore this enigmatic cell. A comprehensive understanding of eosinophils biology and function will surely aid in developing improved therapeutic strategies against eosinophils-associated disorders. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000528156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T22:00:37Z","timestamp":1668722437000},"page":"26-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Eosinophils: A Friend or Foe in Human Health and Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Madiha 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