{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:05:27Z","timestamp":1788379527996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 30 \u00b5g\/day versus 10 \u00b5g\/day vitamin D supplementation, given during the two first years of life, on oral health at the age of six to 7 years. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In 2013\u20132016, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial from age 2 weeks to 2 years of daily vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; supplementation (10 vs. 30 \u00b5g), including 975 healthy infants. For the present follow-up study at age 6\u20137 years, a sample of 123 children underwent oral examination by investigators blinded to the intervention group. Tooth enamel defect and caries findings, oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels, and tooth eruption were recorded. The intervention groups were compared with \u03c7&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt; and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations of the oral health outcomes were evaluated with correlation analysis and logistic regression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Of the children (median age 7.4 years, 51% boys), 56% belonged to the 30 \u00b5g intervention group. Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) was found in 39% of the children in the 10 \u00b5g intervention group and in 53% of the 30 \u00b5g group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.104). In total, 94% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25[OH]D \u226550 nmol\/L) and 88% had caries-free teeth. No associations were found between vitamin D intervention group in infancy and oral health or the presence of DDE. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Daily supplementation with 10 \u00b5g vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; in the Northern Hemisphere seems adequate in healthy children younger than 2 years in ensuring good oral health at early school age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000528536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1670346033000},"page":"385-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of a 2-Year Early Childhood Vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; Intervention on Tooth Enamel and Oral Health at Age 6\u20137 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