{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:42:28Z","timestamp":1785822148530,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Whether central glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)\/GLP-1 receptor system mediated peripheral glucose homeostasis in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not clear. We aim to determine if plasma GLP-1 level could distinguish the non-survivors from the survivors during the first 14 days after TBI that could prognose 6 months mortality. Methods: Metabolic, inflammatory, and hematologic profiles were examined in 73 patients with TBI in neurological intensive care unit. Factors that discriminate non-survivors from survivors were determined by two-way ANOVA. Biomarkers associated with mortality were determined by binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The non-survivors had higher infectious SOFA scores (p &amp;lt; 0.001), lower first 3 days\u2019 body temperature (p = 0.017), greater chance of cerebral hernia (p = 0.048), and decompressive craniectomy (p = 0.001) than the survivors. Higher 14-day plasma GLP-1 (p &amp;lt; 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.002), and IL-6 (p = 0.005) levels, in contrast with lower insulin level at days 4\u20137 (p = 0.020) were found in non-survivors than in survivors. Except the survivors who had an increased 14-day platelet number (p &amp;lt; 0.001), the two groups did not differ in hematological profile and intestinal barrier function. Although GLP-1 correlated closely with IL-6 in both the groups, it correlated with neither insulin nor glucose in each group. GLP-1 on days 8\u201310 and IL-6 on days 1\u20133 were positively, while insulin on days 4\u20137 was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Persistent higher GLP-1 level in non-survivors over the survivors may present more severe central resistance to endogenous GLP-1 in non-survivors, which may be associated with progressive hyperglycemia with increased mortality in TBI. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000529438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1675202438000},"page":"625-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Central GLP-1 Resistance Induced by Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Was Associated with Persistent Hyperglycemia in 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