{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:34:53Z","timestamp":1793201693505,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress\u2019 effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNF\u03b1 and IFN\u03b3; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000529625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1678831233000},"page":"81-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mauro 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