{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1765295394510,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the high mobility group box-2 (HMGB2) and valve calcification in senile degenerative heart valve disease (SDHVD). Methods: According to the echocardiographic results, patients with calcified heart valves were used as the experimental group and patients without calcified heart valves were used as the control group; blood was drawn for testing, and serum levels of HMGB2 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human heart valve interstitial cells (hVICs) cultured in vitro were randomly divided into two groups. The calcification group was cultured with a medium containing calcification induction solution and cells were induced on days 1, 3, and 5, and the control group was cultured with a standard medium. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) and HMGB2 in both groups was detected by Western blot. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of the HMGB2 gene during calcification. The hVICs were cultured in vitro for 4 days with different concentrations of exogenous HMGB2 (0.01 \u03bcg\/mL, 0.1 \u03bcg\/mL, 1 \u03bcg\/mL, 2 \u03bcg\/mL), while the control group was cultured with a standard medium and the expression of BMP-4 and NF-\u03baB P65 was detected by Western blot. Results: The serum level of HMGB2 was 7.90 (5.92, 12.39) \u03bcg\/L, higher than that of 7.06 (5.06, 9.73) \u03bcg\/L in the valve calcification group in elderly patients with degenerative valve disease (p = 0.005); the differences were statistically significant. In in vitro experiments, the cellular calcification protein BMP-4 and the HMGB2 protein were higher in the calcification group compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Exogenous stimulation of hVICs with HMGB2 was able to upregulate the expression of BMP-4 and NF-\u03baB P65 (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: HMGB2 is correlated with valvular calcification in senile degenerative heart valve disease. The HMGB2 protein may promote the process of SDHVD valve calcification by activating the NF-\u03baB pathway and upregulating the expression of BMP-4. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000529973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T22:00:53Z","timestamp":1679608853000},"page":"271-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical and Experimental Study of High Mobility Group Box-2 and Valvular Calcification in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Heart Valve Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongtao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingpiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linling","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meidi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yachi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v11.i2.71"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49016-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.180"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1190-z"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308210"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354221"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.12.171"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1613792"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.09.077"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2393-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01681-2"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.016"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.015"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1398-9"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313248"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109985"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6674"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.07.005"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619667114"}],"container-title":["Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/crd\/article-pdf\/148\/3\/271\/3959555\/000529973.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/crd\/article-pdf\/148\/3\/271\/3959555\/000529973.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1745421544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000529973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529973","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6312","1421-9751"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0008-6312"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9751"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}