{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:20:00Z","timestamp":1780388400821,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Somatic mutations in the nucleophosmin (&lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt;) gene occur in approximately 30% of de novo acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and are relatively enriched in normal karyotype AMLs. Earlier World Health Organization (WHO) classification schema recognized &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt;-mutated AMLs as a unique subtype of AML, while the latest WHO and International Consensus Classification (ICC) now consider &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt; mutations as AML-defining, albeit at different blast count thresholds. &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt; mutational load correlates closely with disease status, particularly in the post-therapy setting, and therefore high sensitivity-based methods for detection of the mutant allele have proven useful for minimal\/measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring. MRD status has been conventionally measured by either multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and\/or molecular diagnostic techniques, although recent data suggest that MFC data may be potentially more challenging to interpret in this AML subtype. Of note, MRD status does not predict patient outcome in all cases, and therefore a deeper understanding of the biological significance of MRD may be required. Recent studies have confirmed that &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt;-mutated cells rely on overexpression of &lt;i&gt;HOX&lt;\/i&gt;\/&lt;i&gt;MEIS1,&lt;\/i&gt; which is dependent on the presence of the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of mutant NPM1 protein (NPM1c); this biology may explain the promising response to novel agents, including menin inhibitors and second-generation XPO1 inhibitors. In this review, these and other recent developments around &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt;-mutated AML, in addition to open questions warranting further investigation, will be discussed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000530253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T22:00:32Z","timestamp":1679436032000},"page":"18-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["&lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;\/i&gt;-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recent Developments and Open Questions"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay 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