{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:49:22Z","timestamp":1790560162847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The aim of this large-scale long-term retrospective study was to show the enlargement rate (ER) of geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), defined as complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA), to find predictors of progression in a clinical routine setting and to compare GA evaluation methods. Methods: All patients available in our database with follow-up of at least 24 months and cRORA in at least one eye, regardless of neovascular AMD being present, were included. SD-OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) evaluations were performed according to a standardized protocol. The cRORA area ER, the cRORA square root area ER, the FAF GA area, and the condition of the outer retina (inner-\/outer-segment [IS\/OS] line and external limiting membrane [ELM] disruption scores) were determined. Results: 204 eyes of 129 patients were included. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 \u00b1 2.2 (range 2\u201310) years. 109 of 204 (53.4%) eyes were classified as MNV-associated GA in AMD (initially or during follow-up); 95 of 204 (46.6%) eyes were classified as pure GA in AMD. The primary lesion was unifocal in 146 (72%) eyes and multifocal in 58 (28%) eyes. A strong correlation was observed between the area of cRORA (SD-OCT) and the FAF GA area (r = 0.924; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean ER was 1.44 \u00b1 1.2 mm2\/year, mean square root ER 0.29 \u00b1 0.19 mm\/year. There was no significant difference in mean ER between eyes without (pure GA) and with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (MNV-associated GA) (0.30 \u00b1 0.19 mm\/year vs. 0.28 \u00b1 0.20 mm\/year; p = 0.466). Eyes with multifocal atrophy pattern at baseline had a significantly higher mean ER compared to eyes with unifocal pattern (0.34 \u00b1 0.19 mm\/year vs. 0.27 \u00b1 1.19 mm\/year; p = 0.008). There were moderate significant correlations between ELM and IS\/OS disruption scores and visual acuity at baseline, 5 and 7 years (all r values ca. \u22120.5; p &amp;lt; 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, a multifocal cRORA pattern at baseline (p = 0.022) and a smaller baseline lesion size (p = 0.036) were associated with a higher mean ER. Conclusion: SD-OCT-evaluated cRORA area might serve as a GA parameter comparable to traditional FAF measurement in clinical routine. The dispersion pattern and baseline lesion size might be predictors of ER, whereas anti-VEGF treatment seems not to be associated with ER. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000530418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T11:38:59Z","timestamp":1687174739000},"page":"791-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Geographic Atrophy in AMD: Prognostic Factors Based on Long-Term 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