{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:53:07Z","timestamp":1762325587896,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze IL-33 maybe as a biomarker especially with respect to intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis which was involved in the immune-mediated process in the demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Methods: We aimed to determine the risk association of the serum and CSF levels of IL-33 in aquaporin-4 (AQP4)+neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) patients compared with the control group. Levels of inflammatory (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) markers and QAlb, the IgG index, and 24-h IgG synthesis rate were assessed in 28 AQP4+NMOSD patients and 11 MOGAD patients. Disease severity was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: The level of IL-33 in serum decreased first but then increased gradually in AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD. The serum level of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 increased more significantly and decreased more rapidly after methylprednisolone treatment. The level of IL-33 in CSF increased progressively in AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD, especially in MOGAD. The QAlb levels were increased significantly in the CSF of MOGAD patients and AQP4+NMOSD patients on the acute stage of the disease. The IgG index and 24-h IgG synthesis rate were also increased significantly in the CSF of two groups similarly. Conclusions: Thus, we concluded that IL-33 may induce dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and lead to intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin in the AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD, especially in MOGAD. It maybe as a biomarker, at least in part, was involved in the demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000530437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T21:00:33Z","timestamp":1682542833000},"page":"256-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Interleukin-33 as a Biomarker Affecting Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulin in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongxia","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keqin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000583"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02249-1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00888"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.01.013"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141947"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.08.002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.02.045"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.11.007"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0719-z"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.33.11.1444"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.01.002"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360619"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001204000427"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3248-y"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001076"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.221"}],"container-title":["European Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ene\/article-pdf\/86\/4\/256\/3995059\/000530437.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ene\/article-pdf\/86\/4\/256\/3995059\/000530437.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:23:58Z","timestamp":1745421838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000530437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000530437","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-3022","1421-9913"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-3022"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9913"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}