{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:13:58Z","timestamp":1793812438548,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Addict Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Negative affect and anxiety frequently precede the onset of drug use in those with substance use disorder (SUD). Low self-esteem may increase the risk of relapse. We examined the short-term effects of exercise on affect, anxiety, and self-esteem in inpatients with poly-SUD. Methods: This is a multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) with a crossover design. Thirty-eight inpatients (37.3 \u00b1 6.4 years; 84% male) from three clinics participated in 45 min of soccer, circuit training, and control condition (psychoeducation) in a random order. Positive and negative affect (PANAS), state anxiety (single item), and self-esteem (Rosenberg SE-scale) were measured immediately before, immediately after, 1-h, 2-h, and 4-h post-exercise. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were taken. Effects were assessed using linear mixed effects models. Results: Compared to the control condition, there were significant post-exercise improvements in positive affect (\u03b2 = 2.99, CI = 0.39: 5.58), self-esteem (\u03b2 = 1.84, CI = 0.49: 3.20), and anxiety (\u03b2 = \u22120.69, CI = \u22121.34: \u22120.04) after circuit training (shown) and soccer. Effects persisted 4-h post-exercise. Reductions in negative affect were observed 2-h (circuit training: \u03b2 = \u22123.39, CI = \u22126.35: \u22121.51) and 4-h (soccer: \u03b2 = \u22123.71, CI = \u22126.03: \u22121.39) post-exercise, respectively. Conclusion: Moderately strenuous exercise undertaken in naturalistic settings may improve mental health symptoms in poly-SUD inpatients for up to 4-h post-exercise. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000531042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T21:04:16Z","timestamp":1689887056000},"page":"285-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Acute Exercise on Affect, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Poly-Substance Dependent Inpatients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Maren Mikkelsen","family":"Ellingsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2421-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunniva 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