{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:37:29Z","timestamp":1780976249296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Phoniatr Logop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Vocants as infants\u2019 first vocalic utterances are produced laryngeally while the vocal tract is maintained in a neutral position. These \u201cprimitive\u201d sounds have sometimes been described as largely innate and, therefore, as sounding alike in both healthy and hearing-impaired young infants. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> The objective of this study is to compare melody features of vocants, recorded during face-to-face interaction, between infants (<i>N<\/i> = 8) with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss (HI group) and age-matched (<i>N<\/i> = 18) controls (CO) group. The question was as follows: does a lack of auditory feedback have a noticeable effect on melodic features of vocants? <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> The cooing database totalled 6,998 vocalizations (HI: <i>N<\/i> = 2,847; CO: <i>N<\/i> = 4,151), all of which had been recorded during the observation period of 60\u2013181 days of age. Identification of the vocants (<i>N<\/i> = 1,148) was based on broadband spectrograms (KAY-CSL) and auditory impressions. Fundamental frequency (F<sub>0<\/sub>) analyses were performed (PRAAT) and the pattern of the F<sub>0<\/sub> contour (melody) analysed using specific in-lab software (CDAP, <i>pw-project<\/i>). Generalized mixed linear models were used to perform group comparisons. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> There was a clear predominance of a simple rising-falling pattern (single melody arcs) in vocants of both groups. Nonetheless, significantly more complex contours, particularly, double-arc structures, were found in vocants of the CO group. Moreover, vocants of the HI group were shorter than those uttered by the CO group, while the mean F<sub>0<\/sub> did not significantly differ. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Vocants are characterized by both, innate features, found in HI and CO groups, and features that additionally require a functioning auditory system. Even at an early pre-linguistic stage, somatosensory sensations cannot compensate for a lack of auditory feedback. Vocants might be relevant in the early diagnosis of hearing disorders and assessments of the effectiveness of, or adjustments required to, hearing aids. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000533288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T06:58:00Z","timestamp":1691477880000},"page":"151-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Melody of Vocants: Fixed Pattern or Shaped by Hearing?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Wermke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Clad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cebulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Shehata-Dieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701383019"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20019"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200102)12:2%3c94::aid-hbm1006%3e3.0.co;2-e"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.247"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6623091"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(88)90030-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7375928"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102991108"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.06.009"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1029864917733035"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.09.064"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2014.05.005"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000654"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388089"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-6383(01)00061-3"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5101.33"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2801.47"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2050572813y.0000000010"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1350-4533(02)00061-9"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-055"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701659243"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2050571x13z.00000000011"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83564-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000528732"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1522-7219(200003)9:1%3c1::aid-icd210%3e3.0.co;2-v"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-19-0205"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.018"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023830917730590"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099103400401"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000908008878"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.411973"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0305000900011223"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00227"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02195"}],"container-title":["Folia 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