{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:50:52Z","timestamp":1789059052861,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition that predisposes to negative outcomes such as neuroanatomical injury, mood disorders, and motor or cognitive disabilities. The neuroinflammation plays an important role in the neurological damage; therefore, reducing it could provide neuroprotection. The leuprolide acetate (LA) has shown to have neuroregenerative and immunomodulator properties in other nervous system injuries. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of LA in the acute phase of mild HIE and its effects in motor activity and behavior in a subacute phase. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Forty-five Wistar rats on postnatal day 7 were divided into Sham, HIE treated with saline solution (HIE-SS), and HIE-LA. The HIE was performed cutting of the right carotid artery followed by 60 min of hypoxia. The expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, and the chemokine CXCL-1 were evaluated 72 h after HIE by RT-qPCR and the motor activity and behavior were evaluated by open field test at postnatal day 33. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; HIE-SS animals showed increased expression of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and CXCL-1 genes in injured tissue. However, the HIE-LA group exhibited similar expression levels of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 to the Sham group, while IFN-\u03b3 and CXCL-1 mRNA expression were attenuated with LA treatment. LA treatment also prevented anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Treatment with LA partially reverses HIE-induced neuroinflammation and prevents anxiety-like behavior in neonatal rats. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000533388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1695104530000},"page":"206-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Leuprolide Acetate, a GnRH Agonist, on Neuroinflammation and Anxiety-Like Behavior after Mild Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Karina Alejandra","family":"Pedroza-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisse","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cervantes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Quintanar-Stephano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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