{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:21:08Z","timestamp":1769073668084,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is unknown and there is no validated diagnostic work-up to define the liver nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), suggesting malignancy. This prospective study evaluates HCC incidence in a Western cohort of patients with BCS and assesses the performance of MRI with hepatobiliary contrast (HB-MRI) for nodule characterization. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Patients with BCS followed in our hospital were prospectively evaluated by MRI with extracellular contrast (EC-MRI). Nodules with APHE categorized as non-conclusively benign by 2 radiologists were studied by HB-MRI and reviewed by 2 radiologists blinded to the EC-MRI results. A new EC-MRI 1 year later and clinical, analytical, and sonographic follow-up every 6 months for a median of 10 years was performed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 55 non-conclusively benign nodules with APHE were detected at EC-MRI in 41 patients. While 32 of them were suggestive of HCC by EC-MRI, all the 55 nodules showed increased uptake of hepatobiliary contrast. An unequivocal central scar was seen in 12\/55 nodules at HB-MRI regardless of it was not detected on the EC-MRI. None of the nodules was hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). HCC was not detected during a median of 10 years of follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Detection of nodules with APHE is frequent in patients with BCS, but HCC is rare in Western patients with BCS. While EC-MRI may detect nodules suggesting malignancy, the identification of contrast uptake in the HBP at HB-MRI may help categorize them as benign. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000533598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1697058185000},"page":"203-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MRI Using Gadoxetic Acid in the Work-Up of Liver Nodules Not Conclusively Benign in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Prospective Long-Term 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