{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:19:00Z","timestamp":1785759540665,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Healthy ageing (HA) indices typically use full questionnaire, performance- or blood-based assessment of functional ability which are time-consuming and resource-intensive. We developed and validated a simple and brief Healthy Ageing Questionnaire (HAQ) index with comparable measurement accuracy. Methods: The 15-item HAQ (scored 0\u2013100) was developed using data of 500 participants in the Singapore Study of Successful Ageing (SSOSA), a sub-cohort of the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS-2). Its construct, concurrent, and predictive validity were evaluated in 2,161 participants in the SLAS-2 who were non-participants of the SSOSA. Results: The HAQ index (mean = 64.0, SD = 11.8) showed a coherent 3-factor structure (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.735). HAQ scores were higher among participants who were female, highly educated, not living alone, non-smoking, non-alcohol drinkers, not at risk of malnutrition, were robust or pre-frail, not disabled, had no or &amp;lt;5 medical conditions, and no recent fall or hospitalization. It was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and life satisfaction, and negatively correlated with age, logMAR vision, 5 times sit-and-stand, and timed-up-and-go. The HAQ index was significantly correlated but showed modest concordance with the Rowe-Kahn SA index. Increasing HAQ index quintiles were associated with decreased mortality risks from 40.6 to 9.7 deaths per 1,000 person-years; covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for the highest Q5 levels (HAQ score &amp;gt;70) was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.28\u20130.67). Using receiver operating characteristics analysis of predictive accuracy for survival, the area under the curve of HAQ was 0.675, and Rowe-Kahn SA index was 0.660 (p = 0.361). Conclusion: The HAQ is a brief and accurate HA index that is potentially useful across diverse settings and purposes in research, healthcare, and policy-making. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000533635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1697058185000},"page":"1358-1367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Healthy Ageing Questionnaire Index: Validation in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Tze Pin","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Gwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Q.L.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiou Liang","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Yee","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Lin Kiat","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng Bee","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00516-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3299702"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2014.08.009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu027"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/42.6.727"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000708"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls123"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw334"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0850-5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa236"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4899"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31819a808e"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.07.007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30113-4"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.01.016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.11.001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000235710.17450.9a"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90465-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1995.80.1.163"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.03.002"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv054"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1966"}],"container-title":["Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ger\/article-pdf\/69\/11\/1358\/4056448\/000533635.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ger\/article-pdf\/69\/11\/1358\/4056448\/000533635.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:38:19Z","timestamp":1745422699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000533635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533635","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.24042798","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0304-324X","1423-0003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-324X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}