{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:52:01Z","timestamp":1776779521166,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introductions:<\/i><\/b> This study aimed to analyze the correlation between refractive status and ocular biological parameters in preschool-age children (3\u20136 years old), establish a regression curve, guide the clinical judgment of children\u2019s refractive status, and improve the accuracy of refractive screening for this age group. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A total of 508 children, aged 3\u20136 years, were admitted to the hospital, exhibiting symptoms of ametropia and a need for dilation optometry. Among these, 326 children were included in the statistics group, having been examined between August 2021 and October 2022, and 182 children were included in the validation group, having been examined between November 2022 and March 2023. Using IOL Master700, ocular biometry parameters were measured for all participants, including axial length (AL), keratometry readings (K1 and K2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and central corneal thickness (CCT). One percent atropine sulfate eye gel was administered, and then the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated by Bennett\u2019s formula. The correlation between SE and other ocular biometrics was analyzed, followed by the establishment of an SE prediction equation. The SE prediction equation was used to calculate the spherical equivalent (SE#) using ocular biometry data from the validation group, and the consistency between SE and SE# was evaluated. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> SE showed a negative correlation with AL\/CR (<i>r<\/i> = \u22120.936), AL (<i>r<\/i> = \u22120.811), ACD (<i>r<\/i> = \u22120.500), age (<i>r<\/i> = \u22120.396), and Km (<i>r<\/i> = \u22120.213) (<i>p<\/i> &lt; 0.001), and positive correlation with LT (<i>r<\/i> = 0.301), LP (<i>r<\/i> = 0.176) (<i>p<\/i> &lt; 0.001). A multiple linear regression equation was established for SE using the stepwise selection method, SE = 49.232 \u2013 23.583 \u00d7 AL\/CR + 1.703 \u00d7 ACD + 0.589 \u00d7 Km \u2212 0.609 \u00d7 LP + 1.103 \u00d7 LT (<i>R<\/i><sup>2<\/sup> = 0.997). Based on the regression equation, the predicted SE# highly correlated with SE after cycloplegia in the validation group (<i>r<\/i> = 0.998, <i>p<\/i> &lt; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The main ocular biological factors of ocular diopter in children aged 3\u20136 years are AL\/CR, ACD, Km, LP, and LT, which are jointly influenced by multiple factors. Ocular biometry is a reliable predictor of real refraction among children aged 3\u20136. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000533782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:50:02Z","timestamp":1695300602000},"page":"1213-1221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Guiding Significance of Ocular Biometry in Evaluating the Refractive Status of Preschool Children"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2018.10.009"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3656831"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.030"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7899"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0101"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11813"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000555"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0927-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00847.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.1.38"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20000501-07"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.05.017"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078003"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312199"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-322X.170340"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02045-8"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199409000-00005"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2016.0380"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111766"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12642"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.03.004"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ore\/article-pdf\/66\/1\/1213\/4056754\/000533782.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/ore\/article-pdf\/66\/1\/1213\/4056754\/000533782.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:40:06Z","timestamp":1745422806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000533782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533782","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}