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This article presents a summary of the key points covered during the 2022 Ophthalmologica Lecture held at the Euretina Congress in Hamburg. The first part of the article focuses on the use of optical coherence tomography angiography to examine and comprehend the choroid in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Subsequently, we delve into the discussion of the \u201cpostreceptor neuronal loss\u201d theory in AMD, which was studied using en face structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). 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