{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:06:40Z","timestamp":1787371600468,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by a switch from failure to thrive to excessive weight gain and hyperphagia in early childhood. An elevated, more unfavorable ratio between acylated and unacylated ghrelin (AG\/UAG ratio) might play a role in the underlying mechanisms of this switch. We aimed to assess the evolution of the appetite-regulating hormones acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and the AG\/UAG ratio and their association with the change in eating behavior in children with PWS, compared to healthy age-matched controls. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A longitudinal study was conducted in 134 children with PWS and 157 healthy controls, from the Netherlands, France, and Belgium. Levels of AG and UAG and the AG\/UAG ratio were measured and nutritional phases as reported for PWS were scored. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The AG\/UAG ratio was lower in the first years of life in PWS than in controls and started to increase from the age of 3 years, resulting in a high-normal AG\/UAG ratio compared to controls. The AG levels remained stable during the different nutritional phases (<i>p<\/i> = 0.114), while the UAG levels decreased from 290 pg\/mL in phase 1a to 137 pg\/mL in phase 2b (<i>p<\/i> &lt; 0.001). The AG\/UAG ratio increased significantly from 0.81 in phase 2a to 1.24 in phase 2b (<i>p<\/i> = 0.012). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The change from failure to thrive to excessive weight gain and hyperphagia in infants and children with PWS coincides with an increase in AG\/UAG ratio. The increase in AG\/UAG ratio occurred during phase 2a, thus before the onset of hyperphagia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000534560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1697230835000},"page":"343-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Acylated versus Unacylated Ghrelin Levels May Be Involved in the Underlying Mechanisms of the Switch in Nutritional Phases in Prader-Willi Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Lionne N.","family":"Grootjen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenaelle","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Molinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Beauloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Martin","family":"Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny A.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric J.D.","family":"Delhanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerthe F.","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maithe","family":"Tauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita C.S.","family":"Hokken-Koelega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/hrp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000534560\/4263087\/000534560.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/hrp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000534560\/4263087\/000534560.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:48:20Z","timestamp":1745423300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000534560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000534560","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]}}}