{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:25:59Z","timestamp":1745468759652,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Rep Nephrol Dial"],"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary, progressive kidney disease characterized by structural abnormalities and dysfunction of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). AS is classified as X-linked, autosomal, and digenic. The number of cases of digenic AS has increased, but the genotype-phenotype correlation of patient with digenic AS is still unclear. Here, we present a case of digenic AS with novel digenic missense variants in <i>COL4A4<\/i> (c.827G&gt;C, p.Gly276Ala) and <i>COL4A5<\/i> (c.4369G&gt;C, p.Gly1457Arg). <b><i>Case Presentation:<\/i><\/b> The patient was a 29-year-old Japanese man suffering from persistent microscopic hematuria and proteinuria without kidney function impairment. Kidney biopsy showed focal interstitial foam cell infiltration, global and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Immunofluorescence staining for collagen IV \u03b15 was almost negative in the GBM and Bowman\u2019s capsule. Electron microscopy revealed irregular thickening with lamellation and segmental thinning of the GBM. Clinical and pathological findings were consistent with AS. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense variant in <i>COL4A4<\/i> (c.827G&gt;C, p.Gly276Ala) in exon 1 and a hemizygous missense variant in <i>COL4A5<\/i> (c.4369G&gt;C, p.Gly1457Arg) in exon 49 on the patient\u2019s paternal and maternal alleles, respectively. The same digenic variants were detected in his sister, and she also showed a similar phenotype. After treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, proteinuria decreased from 2.3 to 1.1 g\/g creatinine, but occult blood persisted. During follow-up, kidney function has been preserved. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The novel genotype of our case provides more information on the genotype-phenotype correlation of digenic XLAS, although long-term follow-up is required. The findings in the present case also indicate the importance of genetic tests for family members of a patient diagnosed with digenic AS. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000535493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1704319233000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Digenic Variants in <i>COL4A4<\/i> and <i>COL4A5<\/i> Causing X-Linked Alport Syndrome: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Uedono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhito","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Nakatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rino","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiyuki","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Morisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kandai","family":"Nozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Emoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"container-title":["Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/cnd\/article-pdf\/14\/1\/1\/4149713\/000535493.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/cnd\/article-pdf\/14\/1\/1\/4149713\/000535493.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:58:01Z","timestamp":1745423881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000535493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000535493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.24851025","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2296-9705"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-9705"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]}}}