{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:43:05Z","timestamp":1768966985776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complement Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Homeopathic medicines have been used for decades in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. However, the preventive efficacy of specific homeopathic medicines in COVID-19 is not well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of prespecified homeopathic medicines in preventing COVID-19. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A community-based, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 4,034 participants residing in Ward No. 27 of the Howrah Municipal Corporation in India. Participants were randomized to receive one of three prespecified homeopathic medicines [<i>Influenzinum<\/i> 30C, <i>Arsenicum album<\/i> 30C, <i>Anas barbariae hepatis et cordis extractum<\/i> 200K (Oscillococcinum<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>)], or placebo. The outcomes were the incidence of laboratory-confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 during a follow-up period of 1 month. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> During the follow-up period, a total of 13 new laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the study population. Among these, 5 cases in <i>Influenzinum<\/i> group, 2 cases in <i>Arsenicum album<\/i> group, 1 case in Oscillococcinum<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group, and 5 cases in Placebo group were reported. On the other hand, number of suspected COVID-19 cases was significantly less in all the three homeopathic medicine groups compared to placebo. The least number of suspected cases reported in the Oscillococcinum<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group (aOR: 0.058; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.029, 0.114), followed by the <i>Arsenicum album<\/i> (aOR: 0.337; 95% CI: 0.238, 0.475) and <i>Influenzinum<\/i> (aOR: 0.539; 95% CI: 0.401, 0.726) groups. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Prespecified homeopathic medicines, particularly Oscillococcinum<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and <i>Arsenicum album<\/i> 30C, may have a role in preventing COVID-19, especially in reducing the incidence of suspected or COVID-19-like respiratory illnesses. However, the result failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 between the study groups. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these medicines in different populations and settings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000536395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T22:00:30Z","timestamp":1709589630000},"page":"140-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prespecified Homeopathic Medicines in the Prevention of Confirmed and Suspected Cases of COVID-19: A Community-Based, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Prophylaxis Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arijit","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubhamoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malay","family":"Mundle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhabananda","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Gourav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukhdeb","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhargab","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.843928"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1717054"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0007-0785(50)80002-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c332"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.6352"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735235"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1734026"}],"container-title":["Complementary Medicine Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/cmr\/article-pdf\/31\/2\/140\/4219992\/000536395.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/cmr\/article-pdf\/31\/2\/140\/4219992\/000536395.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:07:01Z","timestamp":1745424421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000536395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000536395","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.25103714","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2504-2092","2504-2106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-2092","type":"print"},{"value":"2504-2106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}