{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:27:45Z","timestamp":1791869265539,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> Increasing reports of resistance to newer antituberculosis drugs have prompted the search for other alternative drugs. Streptomycin (STR) could be used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis if susceptibility of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> isolate to STR could be accurately detected. We performed phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of 118 <i>M. tuberculosis<\/i> isolates for STR. <b><i>Materials and Methods:<\/i><\/b> Fifty pansusceptible and 68 multidrug-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis<\/i> (MDR-TB) isolates were used. Phenotypic DST for STR, rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol was performed by mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 System. Genotypic DST was done by GenoTypeMTBDR<i>plus<\/i> assay for rifampicin and isoniazid and by PCR-sequencing of <i>rpsL<\/i>, <i>rrs<\/i>, and <i>gidB<\/i> genes for STR. MDR-TB isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Phenotypic DST identified 50 isolates susceptible to all four drugs (pansusceptible). Sixty-one of 68 MDR-TB isolates were resistant to STR. Genotypic testing for rifampicin and isoniazid yielded expected results. Fifty pansusceptible and 7 STR-susceptible MDR-TB isolates contained no mutation in <i>rpsL<\/i> or <i>rrs<\/i>, while 47, 2, and 1 STR-resistant isolate contained <i>rpsL<\/i>, <i>rrs<\/i>, and <i>rpsL<\/i> + <i>rrs<\/i> mutations, respectively. Of the remaining 11 STR-resistant MDR-TB, 9 isolates contained deletion frame-shift\/nonsynonymous mutations in <i>gidB<\/i>. Surprisingly, 13 pansusceptible isolates also contained deletion frame-shift\/nonsense\/nonsynonymous mutations in <i>gidB<\/i>. Also, 30 of 68 MDR-TB but only 2 of 50 pansusceptible isolates belonged to the Beijing genotype. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our data show that, like rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, STR also exhibits discordant phenotypic and genotypic DST results for some <i>M. tuberculosis<\/i> isolates. Hence, STR should be included in therapy regimens only if both phenotypic and genotypic resistance testing indicate susceptibility to avoid amplification of resistance and drug toxicity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000538584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1713387634000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Discordance in Phenotypic and Genotypic Susceptibility Testing for Streptomycin Due to Nonsynonymous\/Nonsense\/Deletion Frame-Shift Mutations in <i>gidB<\/i> among Clinical <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Isolates in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Noura 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